Plessy Vs Ferguson:
- Miller: 1st intention of amendment: abolish slavery, give black people rights
- White League: killed blacks in order to deter participation in voting
- Harlan: “insisted on extensive interpretations of the Thirteenth Amendment; found additional support in the Fourteenth Amendment for Congress to enact the 1875 Civil Rights Act to create new right for United States citizens”
Mismeasure of Man:
- Hard-liners: blacks=inferior; biological status justified their enslavement
- Soft-liners: blacks=inferior; freedom doesn’t depend on intelligence.
- Skull size differences meant black people were inferior. Inaccurate science data tried to prove this theory.
- Compared black people to apes
- Blumenbach: “attributed racial differences to the influences of climate”
- Monogenism: origin from single source
- Recapitulation: higher creatures repeat adult stages of lower animals
- Charles White: against climate theory, proposed that physical differences show inferiority.
- Agassiz: wasn’t opponent to slavery. -“Centers of Creation” -“Taxonomist splitter”
- Agassiz: thought blacks were different species
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