-identify common ground with your audience
-choose a topic you care about, that also is a contested issue
-thesis= topic+ claim
-identify other perspectives
-forms of argument: introduction, narration, partition, confirmation, refutation, conclusion
-differentiate between fact and opinion
-induction: reasoning from examples to conclusions
-deduction: reasoning from general to specific
-Toulmin- claim, data, warrant
-Fallacies of relevance: personal attack, bandwagoning, false authority, appeal to tradition, etc.
-Fallacies of ambiguity: hasty generalization, begging the question, guilt by association, circular argument, slippery slope, etc.